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Authors
Al-Katib, Serra https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7978-1941
Carleton, Erica L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-7897
Turner, Nick https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-931X
Montgomery, A. Wren https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-4781
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council)
Canadian Centre for Advanced Leadership in Business (Canadian Centre for Advanced Leadership in Business)
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Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Revised: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study used archival data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) administered by Statistics Canada. As such, institutional ethics approval was not required. The use of NPHS data was approved by Statistics Canada. Access to the dataset required submission of a research proposal and completion of a criminal record check. Analyses were conducted within a secure Research Data Centre (RDC) at the University of Saskatchewan.
: Informed consent was obtained by Statistics Canada from all participants at the time of NPHS data collection.
: Consent for publication was not required as this study used de-identified, archival data collected by Statistics Canada.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
