Article History
Received: 9 May 2022
Revised: 26 July 2022
Accepted: 18 August 2022
First Online: 10 September 2022
Declarations
:
: The CEMR database contains longitudinal information for de-identified individuals. Research studies using the individual patient-level data from CEMR database are exempt from ethics approval from an institutional review board and informed consent—US Department of Health and Human Services Exemption 4 (CFR 46.101(b)(4)).
: SKP is currently a full-time employee of AstraZeneca. He has acted as a consultant and/or speaker for Novartis, GI Dynamics, Roche, AstraZeneca, Guangzhou Zhongyi Pharmaceutical and Amylin Pharmaceuticals LLC. He has received grants in support of investigator and investigator-initiated clinical studies from Merck, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Hospira, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis and Pfizer. JL, MS and OM have no conflict of interest to declare.