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Article History

Accepted: 26 September 2022

First Online: 1 November 2022

Declarations

:

: The University of Colorado received institutional funding from the PhRMA Foundation and the University of Colorado Data Science to Patient Value Initiative, the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus.

: R. Brett McQueen, Nicholas D. Mendola, and Kavita V. Nair received funding for this work through the PhRMA Foundation Center of Excellence Grant—Center for Pharmaceutical Value (pValue), paid for by the University of Colorado. R. Brett McQueen received a grant paid to the University of Colorado by Eli Lilly and consulting fees from the Monument Analytics and Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Kavita V. Nair received grants through the University of Colorado by Genentech, Biogen, Novartis, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Meyers Squibb, and Rocky Mountain MS Center, received consulting fees from Biogen, Novartis, and Celgene, honoraria from Sanofi, and support for attending meetings from the American Academy of Neurology and Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers. Kavita V. Nair reports a leadership role as the Vice Chair at Payment, Policy and Coding Subcommittee, American Academy of Neurology. Ivett Jakab, Bertalan Németh, András Inotai, and Zoltán Kaló are employed by Syreon Research Institute. Syreon Research Institute received funding from the University of Colorado for this work. Ivett Jakab reports leadership positions as a member of the Board of Trustees, European Patients’ Academy on Therapeutic Innovation Foundation, and the President of European Patients’ Forum Youth Group. Jeffrey Bennett received institutional grants or contracts from Novartis, Mallinckrodt, Alexion, and the National Institutes of Health. Jeffrey Bennett reports both institutional and personal royalties or licenses and a patent of Aquaporumab, and consulting fees from MedImmune/Viela Bio/Horizon Therapeutics, Alexion, Chugai, Genentech, Genzyme, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Reistone Biopharma, Roche, Beigene, and Abbvie. Jeffrey Bennett reports participation on a data safety monitoring board/advisory board of Roche/Genentech and Clene Nanomedicine.

: This study was deemed exempt by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board under protocol #21.340.

: The manuscript and the ESM contain all data generated during the study.

: Not applicable.

: RBM, IJ, BN, AI, and ZK made contributions to the concept and design of the study. The manuscript was drafted by RBM, IJ, and AI. Analysis and interpretation of data were performed by BN, IJ, and AI. Critical revision of paper for important intellectual content was conducted by RBM, ZK, JB, and KVN. RBM, KVN, JB, and NM contributed to the provision of the patients, and administrative, technical, and logistic support. RBM, ZK, and JB supervised the study.