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Authors
Theys, Kristof https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0242-7000
Vermander, Sofie
Annemans, Lieven https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-7210
De Block, Christophe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-3203
Hermans, Michel P.
Matthys, Imke
Nobels, Frank
Nguyen, Trung
Preumont, Vanessa
Zakrzewska, Katerina
Vanderdonck, Frank
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
embecta International
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Article History
Accepted: 27 November 2024
First Online: 15 December 2024
Declarations
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: This study was funded by embecta International through financial support for the development of the modelling framework, organization of the Delphi panel and drafting of the publication. The funder provided support in the form of the salary of T.N. and K.Z. and a payment to AxTalis, of which K.T., S.V. and F.V. are employees.
: K.T, S.V. and F.V. are employees of AxTalis, a consultancy company for medical affairs and market access, which was paid a fixed fee by embecta International. K.Z and T.N are employees of embecta International, a manufacturer of pen needles and main sponsor of this study. The other authors have received honoraria for their expert advice on the topic or their participation in the Delphi panel, but declare they have no competing interests. They also received grants and honoraria from various pharmaceutical companies, all unrelated to this study.
: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
: This study involved participation of clinical experts to a Delphi panel, which did not involve the collection of personal health data or the participation of patients. Ethical approval was not required, as the Delphi method solicits expert opinion and does not involve human participants as defined by typical clinical trials.
: This article does not contain identifiable photos or patient data.
: All clinical experts involved in the Delphi panel provided their informed consent to participate in the research. No patients participated in this study and no patient data were collected.
: R code supporting this study is available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
: K.T., S.V. and F.V. designed the modelling framework, collected the data and performed the analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by K.T. and F.V. and all authors critically reviewed previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
