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Article History

Accepted: 5 January 2025

First Online: 28 January 2025

Change Date: 14 February 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Due to a typesetting mistake, the link included in the section 'Data, material, and/or code availability' was incorrect and has now been amended.

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by Stichting Treatmeds.

: Leila-Sophie Otten, Alessandra Buma, and Valesca Retèl have no further conflicts of interest to disclose. Berber Piet received speaker fees and/or honoraria for advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, and Takeda and received research grants from Amgen. Rob ter Heine has received funding from Amgen. Michel van den Heuvel received speaker fees and/or honoraria for advisory boards from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche and research grants from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pamgene, Pfizer, Roche, and Roche Diagnostics. Michel van den Heuvel also received non-financial support from the Dutch Association of Physicians for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Dutch Lung Cancer Screening Working Group, and Lung Cancer Network East Netherlands.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The models used during the current study are available open-access via: .

: L.S.O., A.B., B.P., R.t.H., M.v.d.H., and V.R. contributed significantly to the design of the study and of the model. A.B. collected the data and L.S.O. verified data collection. L.S.O. analyzed the data and all authors collaboratively interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. The final version of the manuscript has been reviewed and approved by all authors.