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Article History

Accepted: 9 March 2025

First Online: 19 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by the Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education [grant no. PalC-RG-22/P002]. The funder had no involvement in any aspect of this study or decision to publish.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available owing to NHG’s data protection policies to ensure data privacy of patients. Statistical code used and aggregate data may be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Exemption from review was granted by the review board of the National Healthcare Group (Domain Specific Review Board Study reference no. 2022/00663), as the research involved analysis of datasets without identifiers. A waiver for obtaining informed consent from patients was hence granted.

: Not applicable.

: S.H.X.N., L.T.L.C., M.K.Y.H., A.H.Y.H., T.W.S., and A.H. contributed to the conceptualization of the study and funding acquisition. S.H.X.N. acquired and analyzed the data. S.N.H.X. drafted the article, with critical revision by P.K., T.R.Y., L.T.L.C., A.H.Y.H., T.W.S., and A.H. All authors read and approved the current version of the article to be published.