Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 2 June 2025

First Online: 24 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The study design, conduct, data analysis, medical writing assistance and publication were funded by Johnson and Johnson.

: A.I. received consulting fees from PhRMA Japan, JPMA, EFPIA Japan, Johnson and Johnson, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Shionogi and Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk Japan, Eisai Japan, Medtronic Japan, Chugai Pharmaceuticals, Edwards LifeSciences, GSK Japan. AI received collaborative research funds from Moderna Japan Inc, Taiho Yakuhin, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals and Intuitive Surgical Inc. H.M. has received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Biogen Japan Ltd., TEIJIN Pharma Ltd., Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and honoraria from GE Healthcare Japan Co. K.W., N.L., M.H. and D.W. are employees of Johnson and Johnson. N.L. owns Johnson and Johnson stock.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All relevant data for this review are present in the manuscript and supplementary files. Further data generated during and/or analysed during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: All authors made substantial contributions to study conception, design writing, reviewing and approving the final draft. K.W., N.L., D.W. and M.H. had full access to datasets and contributed in methodology, data curation, data analysis, validation and visualisation, project supervision and resource planning and provision of funding.