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Article History

Accepted: 9 July 2025

First Online: 20 July 2025

Change Date: 6 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Affiliation 3, assigned to the author Maryanne Kim, was given incorrectly as "Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA" and has now been corrected to "Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA".

Declarations

:

: Seungyeon Shin and Maryanne Kim contributed equally to this work. Conceptualization and design: Shin, Kim, and Hong. Data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation: Shin and Hong. Statistical analysis: Shin and Kim. Writing original draft: Shin, Kim, and Hong. Writing review and editing: Shin, Kim, and Hong. Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: Shin, Kim, and Hong. Obtaining funding: Shin. Supervision: Hong.

: This study was funded and supported by 2023 Health Fellowship Foundation of South Korea.

: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the contents of this article.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Seoul National University Institutional Review Board, # 2305/003-009.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All model inputs analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

: Model developed for this study is available at .