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Authors
Huang, Min https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-4552
Xie, Jipan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-0936
Romdhani, Hela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-2612
Song, Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-2813
Lee, Sun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-2463
Liu, Daisy
Elbasha, Elamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-8036
Mohanty, Salini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-6467
Rowen, Donna
Kelly, Matthew S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-2315
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Merck
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2025
Accepted: 21 September 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: MH, EE, and SM are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and may own stock and/or hold stock options in Merck & Co., Inc. DR is a consultant for Merck & Co., Inc. and is a member of the EuroQol group. JX is an employee of XL Source, Inc., a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to this research project. HR, YS, SL, and DL are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to Merck & Co., Inc. MSK is a consultant for Merck & Co., Inc. and provided paid consulting services to this research project.
: MH, EE, and SM contributed to the conceptualization of the study. All authors contributed to the study design and methodology. JX, HR, SL, and DL conducted the literature search and data extraction. MH and JX developed the initial summary of the results. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the findings, the development of the initial draft of the manuscript, and the revisions of the manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
