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Article History

Received: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to declare and have received no other funding for this study. All team members have currently or recently received funding from other NIHR awards. TB has an honorary contract (unpaid) with, and received awards from, the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID). In the past she has received consultancy fees from the British Dietetic Association (2020) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (2021). LE has held awards from OHID and Leeds City Council. She also has unpaid roles on the ACTIONTeens authorship and HOT clinical trial in Denmark.

: The Re:Mission study was approved by Health Research Authority on 5 July 2021, REC ref: 21/WM/0136 and Leeds Beckett University Local Research Ethics committee ref 80438.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The data analysed in this study was provided to the research team for the duration of the NIHR-funded Re:Mission study by NHSE England. The authors do not have permission to share the data further or deposit in any repository.

: Full details about the UKPDS-OM2 used in this study are available here: and

: Conceptualization (AM, MY, LE), Methodology (AM, TZ, DT, MY, LE), Formal analysis (AM, TZ, DT, MY, LE), Investigation (AM, TZ, DT, MY, TB, LE), Data curation (AM, TZ, DT, MY), Writing – original draft (AM), Writing – review & editing (AM, TZ, DT, MY, TB, LE), Visualization (AM), Supervision (AM, LE), Funding acquisition (AM, TB, LE).