Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 23 November 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Anuraag R. Kansal and Ali Tafazzoli are employees of GRAIL, which is the manufacturer of a multi-cancer early detection test. Weicheng Ye, Walter Morris, and Denise Zou are employees of PPD™ Evidera™ Health Economics and Market Access, Thermo Fisher Scientific, a research and consulting firm for the biopharmaceutical industry. In their salaried positions, they work with a variety of clients and are precluded from receiving payment or honoraria directly from these organizations for services rendered. Thermo Fisher Scientific received funding from GRAIL to conduct the study and develop this article. Mark Fendrick reports serving as a consultant to AbbVie, CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Centivo, Community Oncology Alliance, EmblemHealth, Employee Benefit Research Institute, Exact Sciences, GRAIL, Health at Scale Technologies,* HealthCorum, Hopewell Fund, Hygieia, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, MedZed, Merck, Mother Goose Health,* Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Proton Intelligence, RA Capital Management, Sempre Health,* Silver Fern Healthcare,* Teladoc Health, US Department of Defense, Virginia Center for Health Innovation, Washington Health Benefit Exchange, Wellth,* Yale New Haven Health System, and Zansors* (asterisks indicate equity interest); research funding from Arnold Ventures, National Pharmaceutical Council, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; and outside positions as co–editor in chief of The American Journal of Managed Care , past member of the Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee, and partner at VBID Health, LLC. Bruce Quinn is a paid consultant for GRAIL.

: Data used for this study were publicly available; therefore, no ethics approval was required.

: Data used for this study were publicly available; therefore, no informed consent was required.

: Not applicable.

: All data used for this study are provided in the article or derived from previously published cost-effectiveness studies cited in the article. Additional details are available from the corresponding author on request.

: The model is proprietary and cannot be shared externally due to intellectual property restrictions.

: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. AT and ARK conceptualized the study and were responsible for its overall direction and planning, with input from MF and BQ. AT, WY, and WM updated the model, acquired data, and performed the analyses. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AT, WY, WM, and DZ, and all authors commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.