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Article History

Received: 28 November 2025

Accepted: 7 May 2026

First Online: 25 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

: XG and JC conceptualized and designed the study. JC and KH collected data and carried out the initial analyses. JC drafted the initial manuscript. XG, YZ, and SH reviewed and revised the manuscript. LS coordinated and supervised the methodology. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Digitized Kaplan–Meier coordinates extracted for this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. All aggregated results are included in this article and its Supplementary Information files.

: The analysis code used in this study is available in the supplementary material submitted with the manuscript.