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Authors
dos Santos, Douglas Paschoal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-2038
Chaoubah, Alfredo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-9164
de Oliveira, Helian Nunes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-5175
de Carvalho, Quéren Hapuque https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-6041
Mazzeu, João Henrique Gonçalves https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-4972
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2026
Accepted: 16 July 2026
First Online: 24 August 2026
Declarations
Conflicts of Interest/Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethics Approval: We analyzed aggregated secondary data confidentially, with no way to identify individuals and no medical records accessed. The Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora approved the study under Consubstantiated Opinion N° 7.183.098. According to the Brazilian National Health Council Resolution N°466/2012, informed consent was waived as we used de-identified secondary data.
Consent To Participate: Not applicable.
Consent For Publication (From Patients/Participants): Not applicable.
Availability of Data and Materials: The administrative data analyzed in this study were obtained from the Brazilian federal government (SIAPE-SAÚDE, via the DW-SIASS data warehouse) upon formal request and are not publicly available due to confidentiality restrictions. The data are therefore not available for public deposit.
Code Availability: Not applicable.
Authors' Contributions: DPS developed the initial research concept, collected and organized the sickness-absence data, gathered salary information, performed the statistical analyses, and wrote the initial and final manuscript. AC provided methodological guidance, contributed to study design refinement, supervised the analytical approaches, provided statistical oversight and validation, and reviewed and revised the clinical/epidemiological and statistical content. HNO provided methodological guidance, contributed to study design refinement, supervised the analytical approaches, provided statistical oversight and validation, and reviewed and revised the clinical/epidemiological and statistical content. QHC contributed to study design refinement, supervised the analytical approaches, and reviewed and revised the clinical/epidemiological and statistical content. JHGM supervised the analytical approaches, provided statistical oversight and validation, and reviewed and revised the content. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
