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Energy transition dynamics in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South africa: a nonlinear prey–predator–protectors approach using an extended Lotka–Volterra model

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-025-00409-2

Published Online: 2025-12-29

Published Print: 2026-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Mehta, Dhyani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-0506
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-29

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-29
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Article History

Received: 10 June 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The author have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The submitted work is original and it is not published elsewhere in any form or language. No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

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