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Authors
Luo, Xiaoqing https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5472-7271
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangzhou City University of Technology (K0223023)
Commerce Statistical Society of China (2023STY42)
Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2024WQNCX075)
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.
: This manuscript has not been published previously. The funding agency was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript writing, or the decision to publish.
