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Article History

Received: 17 March 2025

Revised: 4 October 2025

Accepted: 18 October 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this research. They have no financial, professional, or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or appear to influence the work reported in this paper.

: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and standards applicable to research in this field. No human participants, animals, or personally identifiable information were involved in this study. All data sources were obtained from publicly available datasets or collected in compliance with relevant regulations. If required, necessary permissions and approvals were obtained from relevant authorities. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to the ethical aspects of this research.