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Article History

Received: 13 June 2025

Revised: 25 July 2025

Accepted: 31 July 2025

First Online: 14 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: The authors confirm that this article is not under consideration elsewhere; all authors are credited with its submission. The authors also confirm that this article is original research and did not involve Human Participants and/or Animals.

: All authors confirmed their participation, approved the submission of the final manuscript, and consented to the publication of this manuscript by the Earth Systems and Environment journal.