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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 27 November 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: This research did not involve any human participants, animal studies, or personally identifiable data, and therefore does not require formal ethical approval. All methods and procedures conducted in this study adhered to ethical guidelines and were approved by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.