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Authors
Chen, Xiuyuan
Luo, Xichun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-7058
Xie, Wenkun
Tian, Yankang
Yang, Song
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T024844/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V055208/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/X021963/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/Z532873/1)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Revised: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: Prof. Xichun Luo is an editorial board member for "Nanomanufacturing and Metrology" and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
