Cheung, Chi Fai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-7419
Zhang, Fan
Zhao, Wenkai
Wang, Bo
Zhou, Junxiao
Ho, Lai-ting
Tsai, Din-Ping
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Grants Council of the HKSAR, China (C5031-22GF)
Research Grants Council of the HKSAR, China (AoE/P-502/20)
Research Grants Council of the HKSAR, China (CityU15303521; CityU11305223; CityU11300224)
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFE0203800)
Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (MHP/151/22)
City University of Hong Kong (9380131)
City University of Hong Kong (7005867)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52375549)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62375232)
Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Revised: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Prof. Chi Fai Cheung is an editorial board member for "Nanomanufacturing and Metrology" and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.