Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2025-05566)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2025-04001)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (ALLRP 586649-2023)
Canada Research Chairs (CRC-2022-00059)
Canada First Research Excellence Fund (FES-T06-Q08)
Article History
Received: 18 February 2025
Revised: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All authors confirm that they have no competing interests related to this submission. None of the authors are members of the editorial board or editors-in-chief of Electrochemical Energy Reviews . The authors further affirm that all ethical obligations of Electrochemical Energy Reviews have been fully met, including adherence to the journal’s policies on authorship, originality of the work, transparency in reporting, and the integrity of the peer-review process.