Rosli, Mohd Shafie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-6369
Saleh, Nor Shela
Ali, Azlah Md.
Bakar, Suaibah Abu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Revised: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study exclusively involved a standard survey method without the collection of any sensitive information. The personal details and information concerning the samples were maintained anonymously and safeguarded. Thus, no ethical approval was applied for this study. Nevertheless, the study was carried out in accordance with established ethical practices.
: Participants were informed verbally, as well as on the main page of the questionnaire, that the data collected will be utilised for academic purposes, including research and publications.
: Samples were provided with the option to either participate in this study or decline participation. Prior to commencing the questionnaire, they were presented with the initial question regarding their willingness to participate. In the event that an individual opted not to participate yet continued to complete the questionnaire, their responses were excluded from the study’s data analysis.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare relevant to this article’s content.