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Authors
Villa, Anthony Muro III https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-3117
Monroe, Xavier J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-3254
Dyer, Elizabeth B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-7654
White, Maya Salcido
Britton, Ted
Schneider, Steve
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate for STEM Education (DRL-1221459)
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2024
Revised: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
: The study was approved by WestEd Institutional Review Board (IRB #2013-02-01).
: All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.
