Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Wulani, Fenika
Lestari, Tri
Smith, Sally https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-3943
Lie, Anita
Tjandra, Nathalia
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
British Council (GEP2023-032)
Indonesian Ministry of Education (8/El/PPK/KS.03.00/2024)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for this research was obtained by the host organization (Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya) in compliance with UK Research Innovation research integrity principles https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/good-research-resource-hub/research-integrity/. This included providing information about the purpose of the study to both Head Teachers and pupils which included the intention to publish the study findings, ensuring no individuals could be recognized. Informed consent was obtained as part of the survey.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
