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Article History

Received: 15 December 2024

Accepted: 6 March 2025

First Online: 23 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

: The study protocol underwent rigorous review and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the participating medical facility (approval ID: 191-220315). The investigation was conducted in strict adherence to the ethical principles delineated in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments, as well as the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects (Provisional Translation as of March 2015).

: As this observational study utilized patient information that did not deviate from routine clinical practice, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. Instead, verbal informed consent was obtained from the participants or their proxies. Additionally, an opt-out methodology was implemented, affording participants the opportunity to withdraw from the study at their discretion.