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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nanjing Special Fund for Health Science and Technology Development (YKK23279)
Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Pairing Assistance Construction Funds (ZDYG26)
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Revised: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 27 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: None.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol of CHARLS was approved by the Peking University's Ethical Review Committee (IRB 00001052-11014).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
