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Authors
Ma, Hai-yue
Lv, Xue-cai
Zhang, Chen
Zhang, Zhuo-ning
Hao, Xin-yu
Liu, Yan-hong
Cao, Jiang-bei
Mi, Wei-dong
Tong, Li
Fu, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-8371
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Revised: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflict of interest to report, financial or otherwise.
: This secondary analysis of multicenter prospective data involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital approved this study (No.: S2025-137-02).
: The need for individual informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of this study.
