Leinert, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-1780
Brefka, Simone
Fotteler, Marina L.
Mueller-Stierlin, Annabel S.
Gebhard, Florian
Rahbari, Nuh
Bolenz, Christian
Kestler, Hans
Dallmeier, Dhayana
Denkinger, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-060X
Kocar, Thomas D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (01GY2101)
Universitätsklinikum Ulm
Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Revised: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
:
: All authors declare not to have financial or non-financial competing interests that are directly or indirectly related to the presented work.
: The observational and AI development study of the SURGE-Ahead project was conducted following ethical guidelines set by the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the University of Ulm’s Ethical Committee with the reference number # 310/22-Sta. All participants provided their written informed consent.
: All participants consented to participate in the study.
: All participants consented to their study data being published.