Auditing the bias of conversational AI systems in occupational recommendations: a novel approach to bias quantification via Holland’s theory
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00433-4
Published Online: 2025-11-19
Published Print: 2026-02
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Gelling, Jacob
Urman, Aleksandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-9294
Hannak, Aniko
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Zurich
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-19
Version of Record valid from 2025-11-19
Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no Conflict of interest.