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Authors
Ohamadike, Nnaemeka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-8103
Durrheim, Kevin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-5953
Primus, Mpho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5270-3619
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of South Africa (137755)
International Society of Political Psychology (International Society of Political Psychology)
The South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (Grant OR-AAALV)
The Swiss National Science Foundation (10001AL_205032)
University of Johannesburg (University of Johannesburg)
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.
: This study was conducted in strict accordance with ethical guidelines (University of Johannesburg ethical clearance code: 2025SCiiS089). All human participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement, having been fully briefed on the study’s purpose and procedures. Confidentiality and anonymity were guaranteed and maintained throughout the research process.
