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Potential landscapes reveal spatiotemporal structure in urban mobility: Hodge decomposition and principal component analysis of Tokyo before and during COVID-19

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z

Published Online: 2026-02-05

Published Print: 2026-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Du, Yunhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-6919
Aoki, Takaaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-3061
Fujiwara, Naoya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-4698
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JPMJSP2114)

Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JP24K03007)

Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JPMJPR21RA)

Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JP24K07699)

Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JP24H01473)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-05

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-05
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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 4 December 2025

First Online: 5 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors report no conflict of interest.

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