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Authors
Hadawiah, Hadawiah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-6428
Sulaeman, Sulaeman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-7715
Nurdin, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-0752
Sulastri, Irta https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3481-3656
Fitriyani, Andi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6365-7013
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2024
Revised: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval were granted to conduct semistructured interviews, participatory observations, and several informal conversation interviews in which participation was voluntary and after informed consent was obtained. Ethical approval was granted by the ethical commission of the institution of research, community service, and publications of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology in the Republic of Indonesia and Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The consent of the participants was provided. The data were processed and analyzed anonymously.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
