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Article History

Received: 10 July 2025

Accepted: 31 January 2026

First Online: 18 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All methods used in this research complied with the relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. In addition, since this study does not involve wild plant materials, hence, any formal identification of plant material was not required.

: Not applicable.

: (a) Registry: The plants used in the current study were procured from Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), Samaru, Nigeria that has been registered and duly licensed by The National Research Council of Nigeria (NRCN). All varieties used in the study are duly registered by IAR and are commercially available for use without any further legal requisites. Research implementation followed the guidelines as approved by the University ethics for field research being provided by the Directorate of Research, Innovation and Partnerships (DRIP). (b) Registration number: FUNAAB/DRIP/40.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.