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Authors
Schaefer, Simon B. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6991-5185
Radev, Stefan T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-9559
Göttmann, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-4262
Schubert, Anna-Lena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-0662
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study and for the anonymized publication of their data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. In line with the guidelines of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), ethics approval was not required, as the study did not involve any significant physical or emotional burden on participants, nor any form of deception. Furthermore, it did not include patients, employ (f)MRI, electrical or magnetic stimulation (e.g., TMS), or involve the use of psychopharmacological substances or any compounds regulated under the German Medicinal Products Act (AMG).
