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Article History

Received: 31 December 2024

Revised: 6 April 2025

Accepted: 5 May 2025

First Online: 30 May 2025

Declarations

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: This research study was conducted in strict adherence to the ethical guidelines and principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring the protection and well-being of human research participants. The objective of this research is to investigate the clinical application of Imidazolate Framework-Derived Porous ZnO/Co 3O4/ZnCo2O4Interfaced Nitrogen-Rich g-C3N4Sheets for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrofurantoin in human blood serum and urine samples. This study seeks to contribute to the scientific understanding of drug detection methods, with potential applications in healthcare and forensic analysis. Participation in this research is entirely voluntary. Participants from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, will be fully informed about the study, including its purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits before commencing this research. All personal information will be handled with the strictest confidentiality to protect the privacy of participants. This research has undergone ethical review by the Chang Gung Biosafety Committee (contract number: 202301395B0), an independent and qualified committee, to ensure compliance with ethical standards and regulations. This research is designed to contribute significantly to the scientific understanding of electrochemical detection methods for Nitrofurantoin. This research is designed to contribute significantly to scientific knowledge and may have potential social benefits. The research will strictly adhere to all relevant laws and regulations governing the conduct of research with human participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.