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Authors
Jia, Zhiwen
Liang, Hengmao
Chen, Chaoji
Sun, Yan
Chen, Lin
Mai, Peilin
Liang, Shuibin
Li, Linghao
Chen, Wenge
Liu, Zerong
Wu, Tao
Li, Junyu
Wang, Shiyang
Qiu, Rongliang
Xu, Xiwei
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Revised: 20 March 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: It was confirmed by the authors that no ethical approval was required, as the study involved only basic functional validation performed on healthy volunteers using non-invasive sensors, was conducted without any physical alteration or invasive methods, and did not constitute a clinical trial. Furthermore, informed consent was obtained from all volunteers prior to their participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest. .
