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Authors
Zhang, Zihao
Zhao, Shaobo
Meng, Xianghao
Yang, Kaiwei
Xu, Xiaoyang
Qiao, Shanlin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Natural Science Foundation (B2025208105)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22375056)
Central Government Guiding Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Program (254Z4901G)
Key Technology Research and Development Major Program of Hebei Province (242G4403Z)
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2025
Revised: 6 April 2026
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Supporting information is available from the Springer Nature website or from the author.
