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Article History

Received: 15 January 2026

Revised: 21 April 2026

Accepted: 4 May 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

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: All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition, National Academies Press, 2011) and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No: [SH9H-2024-A1403-1]). All surgical procedures were performed under appropriate anesthesia, and efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used. The study protocol adhered to the ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) for rigorous experimental design and transparent reporting.

: The authors declare no competing interests.