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Article History

Received: 17 February 2025

Revised: 9 September 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no financial or other conflicts of interest related to this study.

: This study did not involve human participants, human data, or human tissue; therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate were not required.

: All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript and consent to its publication in the Journal of Bionic Engineering.