Xia, Wen-ran
Zhao, Qing
Tao, Meng-jie
Jiang, Chao
Saxén, Henrik
Zevenhoven, Ron
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province (52074078)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374327)
The Applied Fundamental Research Program of Liaoning Province (2023JH2/101600002)
The Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2022-YQ-09)
The Shenyang Young Middle-Aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Support Program, China (RC220491)
The Liaoning Province Steel Industry-University-Research Innovation Alliance Cooperation Project of Bensteel Group, China (KJBLM202202)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (N2201023)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (N2325009)
The Key Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (2024JYTZD-03)
The 111 Project (B16009)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2024
Revised: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Qing Zhao is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.