Yang, Bo-rui
Liu, Ya-xing https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6516-8225
Wang, Tao
Yao, Chang-hui
Liu, Yuan-ming
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (52305406)
Basic Research Program Project in Shanxi (202303021212046)
Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (2024Q008)
Open Research Fund from National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment (S2308100.W15)
Major Science and Technology Projects in Hebei (23280101Z)
Article History
Received: 6 January 2025
Revised: 16 April 2025
Accepted: 18 April 2025
First Online: 9 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Yuan-ming Liu, serving as a member of the Youth Editorial Committee of Journal of Iron and Steel Research International , did not participate in the editorial review or the decision-making process regarding the publication of this manuscript. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.