Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42066003)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51701053)
Article History
Received: 2 January 2025
Revised: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 28 May 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Declarations
:
: Xian-man Zhang is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this paper. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.