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Authors
Li, Hao-Tian
Yu, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-7588
Yan, Hao
Cheng, Xu
Ding, Jun
Liu, Zheng-Long
Ma, Bei-Yue
Zhu, Hong-Xi
Deng, Cheng-Ji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A2057)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52402034)
Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (2023BAB106)
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2025
Revised: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
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: Bei-yue Ma and Cheng-Ji Deng are editorial board members for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
