Fang, You-Dong
Fang, Fu-Jun
Cheng, Mu-Yi
Lv, Ning-Ning https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-1461
Su, Chang
Wang, Hai-Chuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52074004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51604003)
Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2508085Y032)
Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Revised: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Ning-Ning Lv is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.