Long, Li-Kun
Wang, Lin-Zhu
Li, Xiang
Chen, Chao-Yi
Li, Jun-Qi
Ran, Xing
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Province (ZK [2023] Zhongdian 020)
Key Research Projects in Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province (24B450003)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52274331)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52264041)
Guizhou Basic Research Program (Natural Science) Talent Team Lift Project (QNB[2025]005)
Guizhou Provincial Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Gast (Gastyess202405)
Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Revised: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Lin-Zhu Wang is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.