Feng, Chun-Zhuo
Ding, Dong-Hai
Xiao, Guo-Qing
Lei, Chang-Kun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52272027)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52372034)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52502016)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025T180025)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (GZC20252393)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Dong-hai Ding is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.