Qi, Feng-Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-8957
Li, De-Qiang
Zhang, Liang-Yu
Liu, Zhong-Qiu
Cheung, Sherman-C.-P.
Li, Bao-Kuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Science Foundation of China (52174305)
Article History
Received: 6 January 2025
Revised: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Zhong-Qiu Liu is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflict of interest.