Li, Zheng-Tao
Yang, Wen
Zhang, Li-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-5433
Liang, Wu-San
Du, Guo-Li
Li, Yong-Wu
Zeng, Yao
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2023YFB3709900)
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2023YFB3709903)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52174293)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20171)
Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Revised: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
:
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. Li-Feng Zhang is an editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article.