Huang, Yu-He https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2162-394X
Yang, Hai-Sheng
Lu, Jun
Gao, Jun-Heng
Zhao, Hai-Tao
Wu, Hong-Hui
Zhang, Chao-Lei
Hui, Wang
Xu, Guang
Qi, Jiang-Hua
Wang, Shui-Ze
Mao, Xin-Ping
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52371017)
Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Revised: 23 November 2025
Accepted: 29 November 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Xin-Ping Mao and Shui-Ze Wang are editorial board members and Hong-hui Wu is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International . They were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known conflict of financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.