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Authors
Zhang, Sha-Sha
Sun, Liang
Chen, Tian-Qi
Wang, Bing-Qin
Che, Zhi-Chao
Xue, Hui
Cheng, Xue-Qun
Li, Xiao-Gang
Liu, Chao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374323)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52522409)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Revised: 28 January 2026
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: Chao Liu is a youth editorial board member and Xiao-Gang Li is an editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
